ICA #10 – Group #1 (Chichen, Ruby, Songbird, Woohoo) James S. Coleman
1. Nation-States are pre-modern corporate actors composed of persons, not positions. Nation-states take responsibility and claim authority for the person as a whole. In contrast, multinational corporations are modern, purposive corporate actors composed of positions as elements and persons as merely occupants of positions & agents of the corporation. The purpose of multinational corporations is the product.
2. Nation-States and multinational corporations are in conflict because they are two modes of organizing a global social system. As the economic division of labor becomes international, the conflict intensifies. The multinational corporations seek to move persons & goods with little regard for national borders, yet the nations have a monopoly over legitimate coercive power (exercised by police and military forces) within said borders that the multinational corporations tend to ignore. The multinational corporations focus on economic power without comparable partitioning into exclusive domains, whereas the nation-state focuses on the importance of these borders and partitions. The conflict lies in the dominance of a form.
3. The “new social science” is characterized by changes in the basis of social organization, based on the demand for transforming social organizations and the demand for knowledge and ideas to help realize the opportunities that are created by this transformation, while avoiding problems. The “new social science” requires a combination of applied research and theory where theory must cross traditional boundaries of the disciplines within which knowledge is required for the transformation of societies to occur. In short, the “new social science” is a way of thinking outside of the current boundaries and separations between applied research and theory in order to create social transformations that create little problems.
ICA 10 Group 5 (Babydoll, Theriff, Gecko, Mickeydog) Patricia Hill Collins:
1. What is the contribution of Black feminist thought? Black feminists thought portrays African-American women as self-defined, self-reliant individuals who confront race, gender and class oppression. Black feminist thought speaks to the importance that oppression and to the importance that knowledge plays in empowering oppressed people. It promotes a fundamental shift in how we think about oppression. By embracing a paradigm of race, class, and gender as interlocking systems of oppression, Black feminist thought reexamines the social relations of domination and resistance. Also, Black feminist thought addresses ongoing arguments in feminist theory and in the sociology of knowledge concerning ways of assessing the "truth."
2. What does it mean to say that the matrix of domination is arranged along several axes and across multiple levels? For black women in our society, it is important to understand the Matrix of Domination has a more deepening control of practices not only on the biases of gender but also the issue of race. These women are being historically oppressed due to the social positions and roles we assign to females in our society but also have faced the discrimination and domination experienced as an African American in the current America culture. Race, gender and class establish axes of oppression that illustrate Black women's experiences within a more generalized matrix of domination. Other groups may encounter different dimensions of the matrix, such as sexual orientation, religion and age, but the overarching relationship is one of domination and the types of activism it creates.
3. What is the Black feminists “standpoint?” The black feminist wanted to bring attention to this matrix of domination they were fighting against. So in order to tune people into these issues they offer the Standpoint approach of taking a look not only as the women, or not only the black women, but to take a look at the black women who struggle to survive, and raise their kids, and be a provider, and make it in a society that is constantly putting pressure on them.
1.What is Afrology? Afrology refers to African concepts, issues and behaviors studied from the Afrocentric framework. It includes consideration for relationships, social codes, cultural customs, oral traditions, communicative behaviors and more. It includes research on African themes in the Americas and the West Indies, as well as the African continent.
2.What are the 3 fundamental existential postures? Describe the differences of these postures for Europeans and Africans. The three postures are feeling, knowing and acting. Afrology recognizes them as interrelated, not separate. Europeans call these categories affective, cognitive and conative. Affective deals with a person’s feelings. Cognitive refers to how an object is perceived and conative is the person’s behavioral tendencies regarding an object.
3.What is an orature? How does this affect discourse? Orature is the sum total of oral tradition, which includes vocality, drumming, storytelling, praise singing and naming. It affects discourse because it is a sense of expression revealed in life.
4.What is the difference between the way Europeans and Afrocans see things? Afrocans seeks the totality of an experience, concept or system. Traditional African society looked for unity of the whole rather than specifics of the whole. Europeans see a dichotomy between force and substance and view them as being distinct entities.
5.What is the African speaker? What are characteristics of the Afrocan speaker? The African speaker means to be poet, not lecturer. An African speaker will involve “orality” and spirituality in his or her works.
Group #6 - Gloria Anzaldúa (StudentB, smlongbb, Wangmu, Cronos, MrTK)
1. How does the history of the borderland affect the biography of the “new Mestiza”?
Borders in general “are set up to define places as safe or unsafe, to distinguish us from them .” The history of the borderland reflects white domination and supremacy in the history of the Mestiza. Additionally, the borderland served to create areas for the Mestiza where they could not fully assimilate or fit in with the dominant American culture, and where they were alienate from their own mother culture. Essentially, they were areas where the Mestiza did not really have a place. “The New Mestiza” refers to individuals aware of their conflicting and meshing identities, and who use insights based on their individual experiences to challenge the typical binary thinking.
2. What is the standpoint Anzaldúa advocates?
In her writing Anzaldúa creates an overwhelming assignment for the non-bilingual reader to interpret the full meaning of the text. She does this so the non bilingual reader's feeling of frustration and irritation will reflect the feelings that of the mestizos and that which Anzaldúa experienced during her life in the borderlands. These are the very emotions Anzaldúa has dealt with during her life, as she has struggled to speak in a country where non-English speakers are shunned and/or ostracized. Fundamentally, Anzaldúa advocates feminist ideals which emphasize tolerance and cultural awareness, which is meant to challenge binary thinking.
Questions Nancy Hartsock – “Foucault on Power: A theory for Women? P 495 code words – apple,penny,dr. mo44, Private1 What does she mean when she says that issues of difference that divide men from women can also unite them? Examples - Race and Culture can give people a way to divide themselves from each other but also a way to connect them. For instance women of all backgrounds understand what it is to be marginalized because of their gender. That can connect us in a way that might not have happened. Race divides a lot of people but when woman are discriminated all over the world it shows they all have something in common. Women can also have a connection with sexual identity, religion, education, age, and physical appearance. These are all things that might separate us, when we realize these are the things we might have in common they unite us. – 1. What are the five epistimologies that need to be understood to create a theory for women? What are the critical steps?
a. We need to engage in the historical, political, and theoretical process of constituting ourselves as subjects as well as objects of history. We need to recognize that we can be the makers of history as well as the objects of those who have made history. b. Education. To indicate knowledge. We need to be assured that some systematic knowledge about our world and ourselves is possible not just a discourse of what power is). c. Third, we need a theory of power that recognizes that our practical daily activity contains an understanding of the world. d. Fourth, our understanding of power needs to recognize the difficulty of creating alternatives. The ruling class, race, and gender actively structure the material-social relations in which all the parties are forced to participate; their vision, therefore, cannot be dismissed as simply false or misguided. e. Fifth, as an engaged vision, the understanding of the oppressed exposes the relations among people as inhuman and thus contains a call to political action. That is a theory of power for women, for the oppressed, is not one that leads to a turning away from engagement but rather one that is a call for change and participating in altering power relations f. (p499-500 Lemerate)
Question #7: Nancy Chodorow: Gender personality and the Reproduction of Mothering (Lemert p. 408)
1. What theory does Chodorow look to to explain why women mother? What parts of this theory does she agree with? What parts does she disagree with? Nancy Chodorow uses psychoanalytic theory to explain why women mother. Psychoanalytic theory helps to explain social reproduction, and the differential development of gender personality. Families teach children to appropriate, internalize, and organize his/her life through experiences, such as how to feel, what to fear, how to defend and how to fantasize. She suggests girl's relationships are more complex and more defining of her than a boy's. "Most women are genitally heterosexual. At the same time their lives always involve other sorts of equally deep and primary relationships, especially with their children, and, importantly, with other women" but Men, however, are not usually imbedded in close personal relationships, but rather in dominance and power. On the other hand, psychoanalysis does not have theory for the reproduction of mothering. It more or less makes assumptions the biologically, anatomy is destiny and either women mother because of a girl's subsequent identification with her mother, because of the unspecified and uninvestigated innate femaleness of girls, or her emotion of caring and commitment.
2. How does Chodorow reinterpret this theory to explain why women mother? Women tend to seek out the motherly position because of the connection that they have with their own mothers. As a result of being parented by a mother, women are more likely than men to seek to be mothers, that is, to relocate themselves in a primary mother-child relationship, to get gratification from the mothering relationship, and to have psychological and relational capacities for mothering.
3. What does Chodorow believe to be the effects of the reproduction of women mothering? Women’s mothering produces psychological self-definition and capacities appropriate to mothering in women, and restrains these capacities and this self-definition in men. If a women has a daughter, she will grow up and follow in the same footsteps of her own mother to take on the expected maternal responsibilities of being nurturing and caring. Along with that, women take on the domestic role as house workers, officially sealing them into a world of raising children and taking care of everyone until the cycle begins again with the next generation. Men and women become socially gendered through this process which leads to heterosexual relationships. Men become dominant and superior over women, along with showing their lack of parental interest.
ICA #10 - Group #3 (stopngo43, sweetmay, loveme, and MissMD)
Trinh T. Minh-ha "Infinite Layers/Third World?"
1. What is the "standpoint" that Minh-ha acvocates? The standpoint that Minh-ha advocates is that we have infinite layers and that “I am not just I, I can be you and me.
2. What is the significance of I, we, you, and me? I is about myself that is both with or without i. Also, I is not a unified subject or a fixed identity. It means that I is infinite layers. YOU are sometimes included by I because they are close. WE sometimes includes me and other times excludes me. I, We, You, and me is constantly overlapping.
3. Why is the statement "Third World Women" problematic? The statement is problematic because of the meaning it is given. When used by those who see themselves as the superior order it is given a negative connotation. It is problematic because it defeats women. It allows the dominant group (in this case, high society western women) to still take the point of reference, and it reflects the West’s ideology of dominance. To use "Third World Women" is essentially saying that a women from a different class, place, race, etc is not a complete women like you. It's just another way to devalue a women's worth in a society.
Judith Butler “Imitation & Gender Insubordination” (Lemert p. 562)
1. What does Judith Butler say about performing our roles in society?
Butler says that the person you perform is the person you “are”, or so that it what is thought by others about you. For her, she used the example of being a lesbian. She says she could politically appear under the “sign of lesbian”, yet she doesn’t feel she is writing “as a lesbian”. I guess she is saying that the roles you perform in society lead others to think of those things as “you”, instead of a “part of you”. She says that gender is something we act out, as if reading from a script, but we act it out over and over so much that the "script" turns into reality.
2. How does Esther Newton describe drag?
According to Newton in her book, Mother Camp: Female Impersonators in America, drag “is not the imitation or a copy of some prior and true gender, it is in fact, the very structure of impersonation by which any gender is assumed.” In other words she says that there is no “rightful property” of representing gender as “masculine” belonging to males and “feminine” belonging to females, therefore, drag does not put on a gender that belongs to some other group. She claims that all gendering is a kind of “impersonation and approximation.” She mentions that heterosexual identities are constituted through a process of imitation and it sets itself up as the origin and center for all imitations. Therefore, we all imitate a certain way of portraying a particular gender. Drag constitutes the ordinary way in which genders are appropriated, theatricalized, worn and done.
3. What is performativity?
Performativity is the daily behavior (performance) of individuals based on social norms or habits. Butler sees gender as something we rehearse and act out, making the “script” into reality as we act it out over and over again.
4. Why is heterosexuality at risk according to Butler?
She claims that although compulsory heterosexuality states that there is first a sex that is expressed through gender and then through a sexuality, it may now be necessary to change that way of thinking about it because if a regime of sexuality needs the act of sex, it may be only through that performance that the binary system of gender and sex are at all precise, clean cut entities.
1. The content of subaltern studies is the non-elites of a society and their role as agents for social and political movements or revolutions. Originally, the intellectuals known as the “subaltern studies group” utilized the perspective of peasant insurgencies during colonial occupation to create a new account of Indian colonial history. In broader terms, subaltern studies may focus on inferior people or groups based on gender, class, ethnicity, race, and the role those groups play in political or social change.
Why ask “Can the Subaltern Speak?”
2. This question seeks to gain the subaltern, or marginalized, group the “permission to narrate” from those elitists who have continued to dominate their historiography. In this particular case, the purpose of asking this question is to seek the narrative of Indian colonial history “from the perspective of the discontinuous chain of peasant insurgencies during the colonial occupation” (Lemert p. 536).
What is the relationship of western feminism to third world women?
3. In western feminism, there is a debate between the methods of studying the muted subject: positivism/essentialism versus theory. The position of the investigator remains unquestioned, and if you apply this debate towards the third world, the same problems in method occur. “The debate cannot take into account that, in the case of the woman as subaltern, no ingredients for the constitution of the itinerary of the trace of a sexed subject can be gathered to locate the possibility of dissemination.”
1. The content of subaltern studies is the non-elites of a society and their role as agents for social and political movements or revolutions. Originally, the intellectuals known as the “subaltern studies group” utilized the perspective of peasant insurgencies during colonial occupation to create a new account of Indian colonial history. In broader terms, subaltern studies may focus on inferior people or groups based on gender, class, ethnicity, race, and the role those groups play in political or social change.
Why ask “Can the Subaltern Speak?”
2. This question seeks to gain the subaltern, or marginalized, group the “permission to narrate” from those elitists who have continued to dominate their historiography. In this particular case, the purpose of asking this question is to seek the narrative of Indian colonial history “from the perspective of the discontinuous chain of peasant insurgencies during the colonial occupation” (Lemert p. 536).
What is the relationship of western feminism to third world women?
3. In western feminism, there is a debate between the methods of studying the muted subject: positivism/essentialism versus theory. The position of the investigator remains unquestioned, and if you apply this debate towards the third world, the same problems in method occur. “The debate cannot take into account that, in the case of the woman as subaltern, no ingredients for the constitution of the itinerary of the trace of a sexed subject can be gathered to locate the possibility of dissemination.”
ICA #10 - Group 1 - HalfPint, StudentA, Wolverine, Enfinity, Chris Bobek (not sure what his codename is, but he was an active participant in the group)
1. A nation-state is comprised of a typically ethnically homogeneous people, who oftentimes share a single culture or religion. The nation-state is sovereign and confined to a particular territory. They are made up of, and take responsibility for, people.
A multi-national corporation transcends national boundaries. It operates across state lines, and uses and transports people and goods with little regard for the sovereignty, autonomy and culture of the nation-states that are affected.
2. Nation-states and multi-national corporations are mostly in conflict over the immigration of workers and the transfer of work and goods across borders. They are in conflict because each is trying to organize the global society in a different manner. Multi-national corporations want to create a global economy with as few barriers between trade and travel as possible between countries. Nation-states, on the other hand, are attempting to maintain or expand their sense of sovereignty and they regulate their borders. The goals of the multinational corporations, therefore, naturally come into conflict with the interests of the governments of these nation-states.
3. Characteristics of the new social science include a demand for knowledge and ideas that will help realize the opportunities created by the changes in the basis of social organization and avoid the problems it creates and the new social science must consist of both applied research and theory. The theory must cross the traditional bounds of the discipline within which the knowledge is ordered. The new social science also incorporates aspects of education and socioeconomic status and their impacts upon society.
At the top of each post you must list the following information: 1. Your Codeword 2. Title of the news article you choose (see suggestions below) 3. Author of the news article 4. Source of the news article 5. Date of the news article 6. Link (url) to the news article
Those six lines should be followed by your reflection from the perspective of the social theorist you choose from the list of options for each due date. A reflection is not a summary. Instead, what you are expected to do is to thoroughly read the news article of your choice and reflect on it from the perspective of one of the assigned Social Theorists. Note that your reflection may include a bit of summary, but it must not consist entirely of summarizing the article. Good reflections will analyze the issue discussed in the article from the perspective of one of the assigned Social Theorists; outstanding posts will even take the voice (write in the tone and style of) the Social Theorist. Reflections should be a minimum of one paragraph. They must be posted no later than 4pm on the due date below and the article you choose must have been published within two weeks of the due date. There are 3 points possible of Extra Credit for each post.
#1 - W. 9/29 - Marx, Engels, Durkheim #2 - W. 10/13 - Weber, Gilman, Dubois, Cooper, James, Cooley, Mead #3 - W. 10/20 - Popper, Parsons #4 - W. 11/10 - Mills, Habermas #5 - W. 11/17 - Berger & Luckman, Garfinkel, Goffman
ICA #10 – Group #1 (Chichen, Ruby, Songbird, Woohoo)
ReplyDeleteJames S. Coleman
1. Nation-States are pre-modern corporate actors composed of persons, not positions. Nation-states take responsibility and claim authority for the person as a whole. In contrast, multinational corporations are modern, purposive corporate actors composed of positions as elements and persons as merely occupants of positions & agents of the corporation. The purpose of multinational corporations is the product.
2. Nation-States and multinational corporations are in conflict because they are two modes of organizing a global social system. As the economic division of labor becomes international, the conflict intensifies. The multinational corporations seek to move persons & goods with little regard for national borders, yet the nations have a monopoly over legitimate coercive power (exercised by police and military forces) within said borders that the multinational corporations tend to ignore. The multinational corporations focus on economic power without comparable partitioning into exclusive domains, whereas the nation-state focuses on the importance of these borders and partitions. The conflict lies in the dominance of a form.
3. The “new social science” is characterized by changes in the basis of social organization, based on the demand for transforming social organizations and the demand for knowledge and ideas to help realize the opportunities that are created by this transformation, while avoiding problems. The “new social science” requires a combination of applied research and theory where theory must cross traditional boundaries of the disciplines within which knowledge is required for the transformation of societies to occur. In short, the “new social science” is a way of thinking outside of the current boundaries and separations between applied research and theory in order to create social transformations that create little problems.
ICA 10 Group 5 (Babydoll, Theriff, Gecko, Mickeydog)
ReplyDeletePatricia Hill Collins:
1. What is the contribution of Black feminist thought?
Black feminists thought portrays African-American women as self-defined, self-reliant individuals who confront race, gender and class oppression. Black feminist thought speaks to the importance that oppression and to the importance that knowledge plays in empowering oppressed people. It promotes a fundamental shift in how we think about oppression. By embracing a paradigm of race, class, and gender as interlocking systems of oppression, Black feminist thought reexamines the social relations of domination and resistance. Also, Black feminist thought addresses ongoing arguments in feminist theory and in the sociology of knowledge concerning ways of assessing the "truth."
2. What does it mean to say that the matrix of domination is arranged along several axes and across multiple levels?
For black women in our society, it is important to understand the Matrix of Domination has a more deepening control of practices not only on the biases of gender but also the issue of race. These women are being historically oppressed due to the social positions and roles we assign to females in our society but also have faced the discrimination and domination experienced as an African American in the current America culture. Race, gender and class establish axes of oppression that illustrate Black women's experiences within a more generalized matrix of domination. Other groups may encounter different dimensions of the matrix, such as sexual orientation, religion and age, but the overarching relationship is one of domination and the types of activism it creates.
3. What is the Black feminists “standpoint?”
The black feminist wanted to bring attention to this matrix of domination they were fighting against. So in order to tune people into these issues they offer the Standpoint approach of taking a look not only as the women, or not only the black women, but to take a look at the black women who struggle to survive, and raise their kids, and be a provider, and make it in a society that is constantly putting pressure on them.
Group 2: (Juice2135, Hoopa, amemyluv)
ReplyDelete1.What is Afrology?
Afrology refers to African concepts, issues and behaviors studied from the Afrocentric framework. It includes consideration for relationships, social codes, cultural customs, oral traditions, communicative behaviors and more. It includes research on African themes in the Americas and the West Indies, as well as the African continent.
2.What are the 3 fundamental existential postures? Describe the differences of these postures for Europeans and Africans.
The three postures are feeling, knowing and acting. Afrology recognizes them as interrelated, not separate. Europeans call these categories affective, cognitive and conative. Affective deals with a person’s feelings. Cognitive refers to how an object is perceived and conative is the person’s behavioral tendencies regarding an object.
3.What is an orature? How does this affect discourse?
Orature is the sum total of oral tradition, which includes vocality, drumming, storytelling, praise singing and naming. It affects discourse because it is a sense of expression revealed in life.
4.What is the difference between the way Europeans and Afrocans see things?
Afrocans seeks the totality of an experience, concept or system. Traditional African society looked for unity of the whole rather than specifics of the whole. Europeans see a dichotomy between force and substance and view them as being distinct entities.
5.What is the African speaker? What are characteristics of the Afrocan speaker?
The African speaker means to be poet, not lecturer. An African speaker will involve “orality” and spirituality in his or her works.
Group #6 - Gloria Anzaldúa (StudentB, smlongbb, Wangmu, Cronos, MrTK)
ReplyDelete1. How does the history of the borderland affect the biography of the “new Mestiza”?
Borders in general “are set up to define places as safe or unsafe, to distinguish us from them .” The history of the borderland reflects white domination and supremacy in the history of the Mestiza. Additionally, the borderland served to create areas for the Mestiza where they could not fully assimilate or fit in with the dominant American culture, and where they were alienate from their own mother culture. Essentially, they were areas where the Mestiza did not really have a place. “The New Mestiza” refers to individuals aware of their conflicting and meshing identities, and who use insights based on their individual experiences to challenge the typical binary thinking.
2. What is the standpoint Anzaldúa advocates?
In her writing Anzaldúa creates an overwhelming assignment for the non-bilingual reader to interpret the full meaning of the text. She does this so the non bilingual reader's feeling of frustration and irritation will reflect the feelings that of the mestizos and that which Anzaldúa experienced during her life in the borderlands. These are the very emotions Anzaldúa has dealt with during her life, as she has struggled to speak in a country where non-English speakers are shunned and/or ostracized. Fundamentally, Anzaldúa advocates feminist ideals which emphasize tolerance and cultural awareness, which is meant to challenge binary
thinking.
Questions Nancy Hartsock – “Foucault on Power: A theory for Women?
ReplyDeleteP 495
code words
– apple,penny,dr. mo44, Private1
What does she mean when she says that issues of difference that divide men from women can also unite them? Examples
- Race and Culture can give people a way to divide themselves from each other but also a way to connect them. For instance women of all backgrounds understand what it is to be marginalized because of their gender. That can connect us in a way that might not have happened. Race divides a lot of people but when woman are discriminated all over the world it shows they all have something in common. Women can also have a connection with sexual identity, religion, education, age, and physical appearance. These are all things that might separate us, when we realize these are the things we might have in common they unite us.
–
1. What are the five epistimologies that need to be understood to create a theory for women? What are the critical steps?
a. We need to engage in the historical, political, and theoretical process of constituting ourselves as subjects as well as objects of history. We need to recognize that we can be the makers of history as well as the objects of those who have made history.
b. Education. To indicate knowledge. We need to be assured that some systematic knowledge about our world and ourselves is possible not just a discourse of what power is).
c. Third, we need a theory of power that recognizes that our practical daily activity contains an understanding of the world.
d. Fourth, our understanding of power needs to recognize the difficulty of creating alternatives. The ruling class, race, and gender actively structure the material-social relations in which all the parties are forced to participate; their vision, therefore, cannot be dismissed as simply false or misguided.
e. Fifth, as an engaged vision, the understanding of the oppressed exposes the relations among people as inhuman and thus contains a call to political action. That is a theory of power for women, for the oppressed, is not one that leads to a turning away from engagement but rather one that is a call for change and participating in altering power relations
f. (p499-500 Lemerate)
ICA #10 (JSCODE, sting, house, October)
ReplyDeleteQuestion #7: Nancy Chodorow: Gender personality and the Reproduction of Mothering (Lemert p. 408)
1. What theory does Chodorow look to to explain why women mother? What parts of this theory does she agree with? What parts does she disagree with?
Nancy Chodorow uses psychoanalytic theory to explain why women mother. Psychoanalytic theory helps to explain social reproduction, and the differential development of gender
personality. Families teach children to appropriate, internalize, and organize his/her life through experiences, such as how to feel, what to fear, how to defend and how to fantasize. She suggests girl's relationships are more complex and more defining of her than a boy's. "Most women are genitally heterosexual. At the same time their lives always involve other sorts of equally deep and primary relationships, especially with their children, and, importantly, with other women" but Men, however, are not usually imbedded in close personal relationships, but rather in
dominance and power. On the other hand, psychoanalysis does not have theory for the reproduction of mothering. It more or less
makes assumptions the biologically, anatomy is destiny and either women mother because of a girl's subsequent identification with her mother, because of the unspecified and uninvestigated innate femaleness of girls, or her emotion of caring and commitment.
2. How does Chodorow reinterpret this theory to explain why women mother?
Women tend to seek out the motherly position because of the connection that they have with their own mothers. As a result of being parented by a mother, women are more likely than men to seek to be mothers, that is, to relocate themselves in a primary
mother-child relationship, to get gratification from the mothering relationship, and to have psychological and relational capacities for mothering.
3. What does Chodorow believe to be the effects of the reproduction of women mothering?
Women’s mothering produces psychological self-definition and
capacities appropriate to mothering in women, and restrains these
capacities and this self-definition in men. If a women has a daughter, she will grow up and follow in the same footsteps of her own mother to take on the expected maternal responsibilities of being nurturing and caring. Along with that, women take on the
domestic role as house workers, officially sealing them into a world of raising children and taking care of everyone until the cycle begins again with the next generation. Men and women become socially gendered through this process which leads to heterosexual relationships. Men become dominant and superior over women, along with showing their lack of parental interest.
ICA #10 - Group #3 (stopngo43, sweetmay, loveme, and MissMD)
ReplyDeleteTrinh T. Minh-ha "Infinite Layers/Third World?"
1. What is the "standpoint" that Minh-ha acvocates?
The standpoint that Minh-ha advocates is that we have infinite layers and that “I am not just I, I can be you and me.
2. What is the significance of I, we, you, and me?
I is about myself that is both with or without i. Also, I is not a unified subject or a fixed identity. It means that I is infinite layers. YOU are sometimes included by I because they are close. WE sometimes includes me and other times excludes me. I, We, You, and me is constantly overlapping.
3. Why is the statement "Third World Women" problematic?
The statement is problematic because of the meaning it is given. When used by those who see themselves as the superior order it is given a negative connotation. It is problematic because it defeats women. It allows the dominant group (in this case, high society western women) to still take the point of reference, and it reflects the West’s ideology of dominance. To use "Third World Women" is essentially saying that a women from a different class, place, race, etc is not a complete women like you. It's just another way to devalue a women's worth in a society.
ICA #10 FROM GROUP #8
ReplyDeleteCodenames:
Muffin
Minina
Sasha
Judith Butler “Imitation & Gender Insubordination” (Lemert p. 562)
1. What does Judith Butler say about performing our roles in society?
Butler says that the person you perform is the person you “are”, or so that it what is thought by others about you. For her, she used the example of being a lesbian. She says she could politically appear under the “sign of lesbian”, yet she doesn’t feel she is writing “as a lesbian”. I guess she is saying that the roles you perform in society lead others to think of those things as “you”, instead of a “part of you”. She says that gender is something we act out, as if reading from a script, but we act it out over and over so much that the "script" turns into reality.
2. How does Esther Newton describe drag?
According to Newton in her book, Mother Camp: Female Impersonators in America, drag “is not the imitation or a copy of some prior and true gender, it is in fact, the very structure of impersonation by which any gender is assumed.” In other words she says that there is no “rightful property” of representing gender as “masculine” belonging to males and “feminine” belonging to females, therefore, drag does not put on a gender that belongs to some other group. She claims that all gendering is a kind of “impersonation and approximation.” She mentions that heterosexual identities are constituted through a process of imitation and it sets itself up as the origin and center for all imitations. Therefore, we all imitate a certain way of portraying a particular gender. Drag constitutes the ordinary way in which genders are appropriated, theatricalized, worn and done.
3. What is performativity?
Performativity is the daily behavior (performance) of individuals based on social norms or habits. Butler sees gender as something we rehearse and act out, making the “script” into reality as we act it out over and over again.
4. Why is heterosexuality at risk according to Butler?
She claims that although compulsory heterosexuality states that there is first a sex that is expressed through gender and then through a sexuality, it may now be necessary to change that way of thinking about it because if a regime of sexuality needs the act of sex, it may be only through that performance that the binary system of gender and sex are at all precise, clean cut entities.
ICA # 10 - Gayatn Chakavorty Spirak – “Can the Subaltern Speak?”
ReplyDeleteWrldsyrs, Cloud123, Casper, Tweak, Lindsay Hatcher
What would be the content of subaltern studies?
1. The content of subaltern studies is the non-elites of a society and their role as agents for social and political movements or revolutions. Originally, the intellectuals known as the “subaltern studies group” utilized the perspective of peasant insurgencies during colonial occupation to create a new account of Indian colonial history. In broader terms, subaltern studies may focus on inferior people or groups based on gender, class, ethnicity, race, and the role those groups play in political or social change.
Why ask “Can the Subaltern Speak?”
2. This question seeks to gain the subaltern, or marginalized, group the “permission to narrate” from those elitists who have continued to dominate their historiography. In this particular case, the purpose of asking this question is to seek the narrative of Indian colonial history “from the perspective of the discontinuous chain of peasant insurgencies during the colonial occupation” (Lemert p. 536).
What is the relationship of western feminism to third world women?
3. In western feminism, there is a debate between the methods of studying the muted subject: positivism/essentialism versus theory. The position of the investigator remains unquestioned, and if you apply this debate towards the third world, the same problems in method occur. “The debate cannot take into account that, in the case of the woman as subaltern, no ingredients for the constitution of the itinerary of the trace of a sexed subject can be gathered to locate the possibility of dissemination.”
ICA # 10 - Group 4 - Gayatn Chakavorty Spirak -"Can the Subaltern Speak?"
ReplyDeleteWrldsyrs, Tweak, Cloud123, Casper, Lindsay Hatcher
What would be the content of subaltern studies?
1. The content of subaltern studies is the non-elites of a society and their role as agents for social and political movements or revolutions. Originally, the intellectuals known as the “subaltern studies group” utilized the perspective of peasant insurgencies during colonial occupation to create a new account of Indian colonial history. In broader terms, subaltern studies may focus on inferior people or groups based on gender, class, ethnicity, race, and the role those groups play in political or social change.
Why ask “Can the Subaltern Speak?”
2. This question seeks to gain the subaltern, or marginalized, group the “permission to narrate” from those elitists who have continued to dominate their historiography. In this particular case, the purpose of asking this question is to seek the narrative of Indian colonial history “from the perspective of the discontinuous chain of peasant insurgencies during the colonial occupation” (Lemert p. 536).
What is the relationship of western feminism to third world women?
3. In western feminism, there is a debate between the methods of studying the muted subject: positivism/essentialism versus theory. The position of the investigator remains unquestioned, and if you apply this debate towards the third world, the same problems in method occur. “The debate cannot take into account that, in the case of the woman as subaltern, no ingredients for the constitution of the itinerary of the trace of a sexed subject can be gathered to locate the possibility of dissemination.”
ICA #10 - Group 1 - HalfPint, StudentA, Wolverine, Enfinity, Chris Bobek (not sure what his codename is, but he was an active participant in the group)
ReplyDelete1. A nation-state is comprised of a typically ethnically homogeneous people, who oftentimes share a single culture or religion. The nation-state is sovereign and confined to a particular territory. They are made up of, and take responsibility for, people.
A multi-national corporation transcends national boundaries. It operates across state lines, and uses and transports people and goods with little regard for the sovereignty, autonomy and culture of the nation-states that are affected.
2. Nation-states and multi-national corporations are mostly in conflict over the immigration of workers and the transfer of work and goods across borders. They are in conflict because each is trying to organize the global society in a different manner. Multi-national corporations want to create a global economy with as few barriers between trade and travel as possible between countries. Nation-states, on the other hand, are attempting to maintain or expand their sense of sovereignty and they regulate their borders. The goals of the multinational corporations, therefore, naturally come into conflict with the interests of the governments of these nation-states.
3. Characteristics of the new social science include a demand for knowledge and ideas that will help realize the opportunities created by the changes in the basis of social organization and avoid the problems it creates and the new social science must consist of both applied research and theory. The theory must cross the traditional bounds of the discipline within which the knowledge is ordered. The new social science also incorporates aspects of education and socioeconomic status and their impacts upon society.